PRINCIPLE OF THE TECHNOLOGY

The formula of the charge and discharge reaction of the lead-acid battery

         Anode         Electrode     Cathode      _DischargeAnode         Electrode         Cathode
         PbO₂+ 2 H₂SO₄+   Pb   _<_~~________-->~~    PbSO₄+   2 H₂O   +    PbSO₄
                                                     ^Charge
    ^{Lead Sulfate
(PbSO4) is formed in greater quantities
the deeper the battery is discharged. This soft, spongy material is easily
converted back into lead and lead dioxide during the battery's recharge,
only when the recharge occurs soon after discharge. The longer a battery
is not recharged or under-charged, the greater the percentage of sulfation,
and the shorter the battery service life. If a battery is not recharged
after a period of discharged, or kept under-charged for a period, then
this soft material (sulfation) will reform into a very stable covalent
bond, lock away active material and preventing it from reforming into lead
or lead dioxide. Each time this occurs, a battery's capacity is reduced,
eventually rendering it dead and discarded.}

^{No only does sulfation
limit battery life by locking away available capacity, but these formations
can grow so large as to actually cause structural damage, often internal
short, plate grid crack and plate buckling etc. Sulfating might also worse
the operating temperature which is the most factor to cause battery
dead and discarded..}

^{Pulse Technology
have been proven to solve the sulfation problem of lead-acid battery for
almost thirty years. As Atomic Microstructure Theory, There are five different
energy bands for the lead sulfate ion. Over time, there is a transition
from a less stable bond (higher band) to a very stable covalent bond (lower
band).}

^{In its lowest band,
sulfur forms a circular molecule consisting of eight atoms. These molecules
stack up like shingles to cover the surface with a coating of circular
molecules. These molecules are very resistive, so the circular eight atom
pattern is indicative of a stable bonding arrangement which will resist
efforts to break.}

^{As Quantum Theory,
each energy bands have their unique frequency for stable transition. To
remove the sulfate deposits, it is necessary to transfer the specific energy
by distinct pulses named "Resonant Pulse" to the bonds of sulfate, to excite
molecule transited to higher and higher bands, finally reaches
to the highest band and hold stable. At this state, the lead sulfate
can be converted into the least stable molecule , and can be removed off
the battery plate into the free ion state of Pb-
and SO4+ and
then converted into electrolyte (H2SO4)
through charging.}